Services for MBA Students

Services
Online Databases
Business Research Presentation
Selected Free Internet Resources Directory
Legal and Moral Issues Using Information
Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format for Citing Sources
Contacts
New Library Resources
Print leaflet

Services

Panitza library offers you mainly online services. Here you can find briefly described the AUBG Library databases, to which you have access through the AUBG library web-page (http://www.aubg.bg/library) at all computers in the Elieff Center. Remote access is provided also.

The resources you are provided access to, are of high quality and in different formats – you can find full-text magazines, newspapers, article abstracts, reference resources - encyclopedias, dictionaries, and statistical information guides. In addition to that, for your further convenience, we included a selection of important free Internet resources, related to the MBA programs content.

An access to electronic resources is conveniently organized through the library web-portal – http://www.aubg.bg/library and is available for research and study around the clock.
You can use our online reference services if you need information or assistance in locating resources using our reference assistance form via our page, Meebo me - live chat with reference librarian or feel free to contact us at: libmail@aubg.bg

Online Databases

Important Information!
A license agreement with the Panitza Library:

©The information we provide you with is copyright protected. It is only for private study or research and shall not be used for any commercial purposes.

For more information on legal and moral implication of using information, please check the library web page section copyright and plagiarism.

Panitza library Online Public Access Catalog http://library.aubg.bg:8000/index-cat.html - this automated cataloging system permits users to have access to the AUBG library holdings via Internet and thus makes them available to any internet user.

EBSCO Academic Search Complete
This multi-disciplinary database provides full text for more than 8,500 journals, including full text for more than 4,600 peer-reviewed titles. PDF backfiles to 1975 or further are available for well over one hundred journals, and searchable cited references are provided for more than 1,000 titles.

EBSCO Business Source Complete

Business Source Premier is the industry’s most used business research database, providing full text for more than 2,300 journals, including full text for more than 1,100 peer-reviewed titles. This database provides full text back to 1886, and searchable cited references back to 1998. Business Source Premier is superior to the competition in full text coverage in all disciplines of business, including marketing, management, MIS, POM, accounting, finance and economics. This database is updated daily on EBSCOhost.

EBSCO EconLit
EconLit, the American Economic Association’s electronic database, is the world’s foremost source of references to economic literature. The database contains more than 1,010,900 records from 1969-present. EconLit covers virtually every area related to economics.

EBSCO Regional Business News

This database provides comprehensive full text coverage for regional business publications. Regional Business News incorporates coverage of 80 business journals, newspapers and newswires from all metropolitan and rural areas within the United States. This database is updated on a daily basis.

Encyclopedia Britannica
Encyclopedia Britannica Online includes the complete encyclopedia, as well as Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus, Britannica Student Encyclopedia, Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, and the Britannica Book of the Year. Through this service, you can find more than 118,000 articles; over 14,000 illustrations, including photographs, drawings, maps, and flags; and more than 215,000 entries--including definitions, pronunciation guides, and word histories-from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary and Thesaurus.

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JSTOR Online -

JSTOR is an archive of core scholarly journals in the humanities, social sciences, and sciences. JSTOR offers both multidisciplinary and discipline-specific collections. Many of the journals date from the 19th century. JSTOR has a moving wall policy that keeps a 2 to 5 year gap between current articles and articles in JSTOR.

ISI - Emerging Markets - Southeast Europe

EMIS covers nearly 80 emerging markets and for each country it aggregates data from different sources, both local and international.

ProQuest Central

ProQuest Central is the largest aggregated full-text database in the market today totaling more than 12,665 titles—with over 9,745 titles in full text. It serves as the central resource for researchers at all levels in all markets. Over 160 subjects areas are covered extensively in this product including business and economics, health and medical, news and world affairs, technology, social sciences and more.

ScienceDirect Freedom Collection

ScienceDirect Freedom Collection is a full-text database published by Elsevier that offers a collection of high-quality journal articles online. Content includes access to over 2500 full-text scientific journals dating back to 2006.

Scopus

Scopus, the world’s largest abstract and indexing database.
Scopus is a multidisciplinary navigational tool that contains records going back to the mid 1960s, offering newly-linked citations across the widest body of scientific abstracts available in one place.

World Bank e-Library

World Bank e-Library is an online, fully cross-searchable portal of over 3,000 World Bank documents. The collection consists of over 1,400 World Bank publications and over 2,000 Policy Research Working Papers plus each new book and paper as they are published.

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Business Research Presentation

Selected Free Internet Resources Directory

Collections of Business Resources
Company information
Financial Information
Patent Information
Marketing Information
Law Information
Statistical Information

This directory offers a selection of very good Internet resources, which, we hope, will be of help to you when doing research in the area of Business. They include the most reliable, accurate and up-to-date information on the topic. The information is organized in the following sections: General business resources, Company information, Financial information, Patent information, Marketing information, Law information and Statistics. The web sites within each area appear in alphabetical order.
Although we have tried to choose high-quality sites, we cannot be responsible for their accuracy or comprehensiveness. More in-depth research will require that you use a subscribed database accessible from the library’s homepage.

When questions or problems arise, ask for help using online reference form via AUBG Library web-page http://www.aubg.bg/library

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Collections of Business Resources

BEOnline Plus http://www.loc.gov/rr/business/beonline

Library of Congress project to identify, select, and provide bibliographic access to over 300 electronic works in the fields of business and economics.

Econ.bg http://www.econ.bg/

Bulgarian business portal - news, analyses, companies, links.

History of Economics http://historyofeconomics.org/

The History of Economics web site provides online access to resources for teaching, scholarship and research in the history of economics and the history of economic thought.

Inomics http://www.inomics.com/cgi/show

At this site you can find job openings for economists, conference announcements, a human-edited directory as well as a database of research papers in economics.

Labour Economics Gateway http://labour.ceps.lu/

Collection of Internet sites that are of interest to labor economists, statistics on labor markets, datasets for labor market research, and a selection of journals, online books, and articles.

Research Papers in Economics (RePEc) http://www.repec.org/

A decentralized database of working papers, journal articles and software components- collaborative effort of over 100 volunteers in 47 countries to enhance the dissemination of research in economics. The RePEc database holds over 334,000 items of interest, over 234,000 of which are available online

Social Science Research Network http://www.ssrn.com/

Contains a number of specialized networks on various social science topics including economics, finance, law and accounting. The SSRN eLibrary consists of two parts: an Abstract Database containing abstracts on over 98,100 scholarly working papers and an Electronic Paper Collection currently containing over 71,200 downloadable full text documents in Adobe Acrobat pdf format.

Wachowicz's Web World
http://web.utk.edu/~jwachowi/wacho_world.html

Links to journals, magazines, case studies, and newspapers comprising resources for students of financial management, covering topics such as tax, accountancy, business ethics, financial technology, and corporate finance. Materials, accompanying the author's textbook, 'Fundamentals of Financial Management'.

World Wide Web Resources in Economics
http://www.helsinki.fi/WebEc/

Collection of links, part of the WWW Virtual Library

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Financial Information

Exchange Information

Bulgarian Stock Exchange - Sofia
http://www.bse-sofia.bg/index.php?site_lang=bg

Euronext http://www.euronext.com/home/0,3766,1732,00.html

Integration platform of the exchanges of Bruxelles, Paris, and Amsterdam.

London Stock Exchange www.londonstockexchange.com

General information about markets of London Stock Exchange. UK shares equities, AIM gilts stocks warrants.

x-rates http://www.x-rates.com/

Exchange rates

Yahoo Finance http://finance.yahoo.com/

Directory with market summaries, currency rates, investing, business news.

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Accounting

AICPA - http://www.aicpa.org/index.htm

The page the American Institute of Certified Public Accountant. Incl. Resources of AICPA Antifraud & Corporate Responsibility Resource Center

Internet Public Library- Accounting - http://www.ipl.org/div/subject/browse/bus03.00.00/

Theory and methods of recording business transactions and stating the assets, liabilities, and operating results of a business.

Academic Info - http://www.academicinfo.net/busacct.html

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Credits

Business Credit Management UK: News
http://www.creditman.biz/uk/members/news.asp?id=1&mylocation=News

This is a daily feed of news from the credit and collection industry. To access this news feed free, users need to register with the service. Use it to find out about the latest bankruptcies, mergers and acquisitions. There is a weekly update of all companies in receivership.

Institute of Credit Management (ICM) http://www.icm.org.uk/

Institute offers professional qualifications in credit management, including distance learning. The ICM journal, Credit Management, publishes selected articles free on this Web site, although the whole journal can only be viewed by subscription.

The Virtual Library on Microcredit http://www.gdrc.org/icm/

The Virtual Library on Microcredit is a repository of information on alternative/non-conventional financial systems and the informal credit markets (ICM). Contains bibliographies, documents and links to financial institutions involved in community mobilization and development.

Patent Information

World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en

The page contains the full text of all the treaties administered by WIPO with information on the countries which have ratified them. Also accessible are press releases from 1997 onwards, WIPO standards and a catalogue of publications. Additionally access is offered to WIPO industrial property statistics

Free Patents Online http://www.freepatentsonline.com/

Access to a database of freely available full text patent records. The database currently holds all patents published by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) since December 1976.These can be searched by keyword or browsed by patent number.

European Patent Office http://www.european-patent-office.org/index.en.php

This site includes news, information about courses and seminars, and Patent information of all 18-member states of the European Patent Organization

Marketing Information

KnowThis.com - http://www.knowthis.com/

KnowThis.com is a leading resource and reference site for those involved in marketing, market research, advertising, selling, promotion, and other marketing-related areas, section of WWW-VL.

ResearchInfo - http://www.researchinfo.com

Free marketing research resources

Law Information

Business Law - http://www.lectlaw.com/tbul.html

The “Lectric Law Library Lawcopedia”

The Law Encyclopedia - www.TheLawEncyclopedia.com

Free legal information from the experts at the Law Encyclopedia

Legal Database www.legal-database.com

Free, complete legal information.

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Statistical Information

Bulgarian National Statistical Institute http://www.nsi.bg/Index_e.htm

Storage of statistical data

Economy at a Glance http://www.bls.gov/eag/

(U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics) Easy access to labor statistics such as labor force, unemployment, earnings, and consumer and producer price indexes

Eurostat

http://europa.eu/documentation/statistics-polls/index_en.htm

Eurostat provides high-quality statistical information service

Free Statistical Tools on the WEB http://gsociology.icaap.org/methods/statontheweb.html

United Nations Statistics Division http://unstats.un.org/unsd/

Current statistics on international trade, national accounts, energy, industry, environment, transport and demographic and social statistics gathered from many national and international sources

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Legal and Moral Issues Using Information

Copyright Basics

What is copyright?

"The exclusive and assignable legal right, given to the originator for a fixed number of years, to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material".
The Concise Oxford English Dictionary. Ed. Catherine Soanes and Angus Stevenson. Oxford University Press, 2004.

Fair Use

U.S. Code: Title 17, Section 107 governing Fair Use

Sec. 107. Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair use
Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include -the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes; the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work. The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.

Using American Psychological Association (APA) Format for Citing Sources

Guide for MBA Students of the American University in Bulgaria

As students in Business and Economics you will be asked by your instructors to organize sources you have used in a bibliography in “APA style”, which is a system of citations in text and reference format. It is an editorial style that many of the social sciences (including business, economics and finance) have adopted to present written material in the field.

American University in Bulgaria Library compiled for you an APA style guide based on the Purdue University APA Style online guide that offers a wealth of information about writing and formatting papers in APA style.

If you are asked to use APA format for a paper, the book to consult is the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5^th edition). Citing electronic sources was a major part of this update, as these types of sources are increasingly common in research within the social sciences. Below, you will find some examples of these updated citation styles. If you want to view the latest updates about electronic sources in more detail, visit the new APA style web site at http://www.apastyle.org.

The AUBG library guide covers the following basic issues:

- General Format

- Referring to the Works of Others in Your Text

- Your Reference List

- Examples

General Format

Your essay should be typed, double-spaced on standard-sized paper (8.5 X 11 inches) with margins of 1 inch on all sides. Your final essay should include, in the order indicated below, as many of the following sections as are applicable, each of which should begin on a separate page:

title page, which includes a running head for publication, title, and byline and affiliation - abstract
- text
- references
- appendixes
- author note
- footnotes/endnotes
- tables
- figure captions
- figures

The pages of your paper should be numbered consecutively, beginning with the title page, as part of the paper header in the upper right corner of each page. Your references should begin on a separate page from the text of the essay under the label References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. Appendices and notes should be formatted similarly.

For more about formatting an APA style paper, consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Or visit http://www.vanguard.edu/faculty/ddegelman/index.aspx?doc_id=796

Referring to the Works of Others In Your Text

When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.

If you are referring to an idea from another work but NOT directly quoting the material, or making reference to an entire book, article or other work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference.

If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)

If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference. For ex.:

Jones (1998) compared students performance…

In a recent study of student performance (Jones, 1998),…

In 1998, Jones compared student performance…

If there is no author to cite, such as when you are citing a web page that lists no author, use an abbreviated version of the title of the page in quotation marks to substitute for the name of the author. For Ex.:

A similar study was done of students learning to format research papers ("Using APA," 2001).

If you are citing a work that has no author and no date, use the first few words from the title, then the abbreviation n.d. (for "no date"). For Ex:

In another study of students and research decisions, it was discovered that students succeeded with tutoring ("Tutoring and APA," n.d.).

Personal communications, such as e-mail messages to you, or private interviews that you conducted with another person, should be referred to in your in-text citations but NOT in your reference list. To cite a personal communication such as an interview or an e-mail, provide initials and last name of the communicator, the words personal communication, plus an exact date in the body of your paper. For Ex.

A. P. Smith also claimed that many of her students had difficulties with APA style (personal communication, November 3, 2002).

Formatting Citations in Your Text

Here are some basic rules for formatting citations in the body of your paper. Always capitalize proper nouns, including author names.

- If you refer to the title of a source within your paper, capitalize all words that are four letters long or greater within the title of a source.

- When capitalizing titles, capitalize both words in a hyphenated compound word.

- After a colon or dash in a title, capitalize the first word.

- Italicize the titles of longer works such as books, edited collections, movies, documentaries, or albums.

- Put quotation marks around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles, articles from edited collections, television shows, and song titles.

- If a work has two authors, cite both names every time the reference appears in your text. Join the authors' names with the word and.

- If a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all of the authors the first time you refer to the work in your text. The next time you refer to the work, shorten the citation to the last name of the first author plus the words et al. Join the authors' names with the word and if you are referring to them in the text; join the authors' names with an ampersand (&) if you are referring to them in a parenthetical citation.

- If a work has six authors (or more), cite only the last name of the first author plus the words et al.

Short Quotations

To indicate direct quotations of fewer than 40 words in your text, enclose the quotation within double quotation marks. Provide the author, year, and specific page citation in the text, and include a complete reference in the reference list. Punctuation marks, such as periods, commas, and semicolons, should appear after the parenthetical citation. Question marks and exclamation points should appear within the quotation marks if they are a part of the quotation but after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your text. For Ex

She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style,” (Jones, 1998, p. 1999), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p.199).

Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using APA style” (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

If you are citing a work that has no author, no date, and no page numbers, use the first few words from the title, then the abbreviation n.d. (for "no date"), and then use paragraph numbers (if available) or simply leave out any reference to pages. For Ex.:

In another study of students and research decisions, it was discovered that students succeeded with tutoring ("Tutoring and APA," n.d.).

Long Quotations (block quotes)

Place direct quotations longer than 40 words in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented five spaces from the left margin. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation five spaces from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after closing punctuation mark. For Ex.:

Jones’s 1993 study found the following:

Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

Your Reference List

Your reference list should appear at the end of your paper. It provides the information necessary for a reader to locate and retrieve any source you cite in the body of the paper. Each source you cite in the paper must appear in your reference list; likewise, each entry in the reference list must be cited in your text.

Your references should begin on a separate page from the text of the essay under the label References (with no quotation marks, underlining, etc.), centered at the top of the page. It should be double-spaced just like the rest of your essay.

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Basic Rules

Authors' names are inverted (last name first); give the last name and initials for all authors of a particular work unless the work has more than six authors. If the work has more than six authors, list the first six authors and then use et al. after the sixth author's name to indicate the rest of the authors.

Reference list entries should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each work. If you have more than one article by the same author(s), single-author references or multiple-author references with the exact same authors in the exact same order are listed in order by the year of publication, starting with the earliest.

For Ex.

Berndt, T. J. (1996). Exploring the effects of friendship quality on social development. In W. M. Bukowski, A. F. Newcomb, & W. W. Hartup, (Eds.), The company they keep: Friendship in childhood and adolescence. (pp. 346-365). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Berndt, T.J. (2002). Friendship quality and social development. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 7-10

Wegener, D.T., & Petty, R. E. (1994). Mood management across affective states: The hedonic contingency hypothesis. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 66, 1034-1048.

Wegener, D. T., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Flexible correction processes in social judgment: The role of naive theories in corrections for perceived bias. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 68, 36-51.

When an author appears both as a sole author and, in another citation, as the first author of a group, list the one-author entries first.

Berndt, T.J. (1999). Friends’ influence on students’ adjustment to school. Educational Psychologist, 34, 15-28.

Berndt, T. J., & Keefe, K. (1995). Friends' influence on adolescents' adjustment to school. Child Development, 66, 1312-1329.

References that have the same first author and different second and/or third authors are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the second author, or the last name of the third if the first and second authors are the same.

For Ex:

Wegener, D. T., Kerr, N. L., Flemming, M. A., & petty, R. E. (2000). Flexible corrections of juror judgments: Implications for jury instructions. Psychology, Public Policy, & Law, 6, 629-654.

Wegener, D. T., Petty, R. E., & Klein, D. J. (1994). Effects of mood on high elaboration attitude change: The mediating role of likelihood judgments. European Journal of Social Psychology, 24, 25-43.

If you are using more than one reference by the same author (or the same group of authors listed in the same order) published in the same year, organize them in the reference list alphabetically by the title of the article or chapter. Then assign letter suffixes to the year. For Ex.:

Berndt, T. J. (1981a). Age changes and changes over time in prosocial intentions and behavior between friends. Developmental Psychology, 17, 408-416.
Berndt, T. J. (1981b). Effects of friendship on prosocial intentions and behavior. Child Development, 52, 636-643.

When referring to these publications in your paper, use the letter suffixes with the year so that the reader knows which reference you are referring to.

For Ex.: "Several studies (Berndt, 1981a, 1981b) have shown that..."

Use "&" instead of "and" when listing multiple authors of a single work.

If no author is given for a particular source, begin with and alphabetize by using the title of the work, which will be listed in place of the author, and use a shortened version of the title for parenthetical citations.

Personal communications, such as e-mail messages to you, or private interviews that you conducted with another person, should not be cited in your reference list because they are not retrievable sources for anyone else. You should make reference to these sources in your in-text citations. (For more information, see the Publication Manual.)

All lines after the first line of each entry in your reference list should be indented one-half inch from the left margin. This is called hanging indentation.

When referring to any work that is NOT a journal, such as a book, article, or Web page, capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second word in a hyphenated compound word.

- Capitalize all major words in journal titles.

- Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals.

- Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.

Basic Forms for Sources in Print

An article in a periodical (e.g., a journal, newspaper, or magazine)

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of article. Title of periodical, volume number, pages.

Note: For a magazine or newspaper article, you need to include specific publication dates (month and day, if applicable) as well as the year. For a journal article, you do not need to include the month or day of publication. See our examples below for more explanations.

Note: You need list only the volume number if the periodical uses continuous pagination throughout a particular volume. If each issue begins with page 1, then you should list the issue number as well: Title of Periodical, Volume number ( Issue number), pages. Note that the issue number is not italicized. If the journal does not use volume numbers, use the month, season, or other designation within the year to designate the specific journal article.

A non-periodical (e.g., book, report, brochure, or audiovisual media) For Ex

Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work: Capital letter also for subtitle. Location: Publisher.

Note: For "Location," you should always list the city, but you should also include the state if the city is unfamiliar or if the city could be confused with one in another state.

Part of a non-periodical (e.g., a book chapter or an article in a collection).

For Ex.:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year of publication). Title of chapter. In A. Editor & B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.

Note: When you list the pages of the chapter or essay in parentheses after the book title, use "pp." before the numbers: (pp. 1-21). This abbreviation, however, does not appear before the page numbers in periodical references.

Basic Forms for Electronic (Internet) Sources

Article in an Internet Periodical. For Example

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Title of journal, volume number (issue number if available). Retrieved month day, year, from http://Web address.

Non-periodical Internet Document (e.g., a Web page or report). For Ex.:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. Retrieved month date, year, from http://Web address.

Note: When an Internet document is more than one Web page, provide a URL that links to the home page or entry page for the document. Also, if there isn't a date available for the document use (n.d.) for no date.

Part of Non-periodical Internet Document. For Ex.:

Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title of article. In Title of book or larger document (chapter or section number). Retrieved from http://Web address.

EXAMPLES

Below are examples for some of the most commonly cited kinds of sources.

Journal article, one author

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Journal article, three to six authors

Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.

Journal article, more than six authors

Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. Journal of Film and Writing, 44(3), 213-245.

Note: The phrase et al. stands for "and others."

Work discussed in a secondary source

Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100, 589-608.

Note: Give the secondary source in the references list; in the text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source. For example, if Seidenberg and McClelland's work is cited in Coltheart et al. and you did not read the original work, list the Coltheart et al. reference in the References. In the text, use the following citation:

In Seidenberg and McClelland's study (as cited in Coltheart, Curtis, Atkins, & Haller, 1993), ...

Magazine article, one author

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Book

Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

An article or chapter of a book

O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: Metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). New York: Springer.

A government publication

National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

A brochure

Research and Training Center on Independent Living. (1993). Guidelines for reporting and writing about people with disabilities (4th ed.) [Brochure]. Lawrence, KS: Author.

A book or article with no author or editor named

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.).(1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart failure. (1993, July 15). The Washington Post, p. A12.

Note: For parenthetical citations of sources with no author named, use a shortened version of the title instead of an author's name. Use quotation marks and italics as appropriate. For example, parenthetical citations of the two sources above would appear as follows: (Merriam-Webster's, 1993) and ("New Drug," 1993).

A translated work and/or a republished work

Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York: Dover. (Original work published 1814)

Note: When you cite this work in text, it should appear with both dates: Laplace (1814/1951).

Baumeister, R. F. (1993). Exposing the self-knowledge myth [Review of the book The self-knower: A hero under control]. Contemporary Psychology, 38, 466-467.

A review of a book, film, television program, etc.

An entry in an encyclopedia

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

A print journal or newspaper article retrieved from an online database

When referencing material obtained from an online database (such as a database in the library), provide appropriate print citation information (formatted just like a "normal" print citation would be for that type of work). Then add information that gives the date of retrieval and the proper name of the database. This will allow people to retrieve the print version if they do not have access to the database from which you retrieved the article. You can also include the item number or accession number in parentheses at the end, but the APA manual says that this is not required. For Example:

Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L.,& Pease, D. L. (2002). A study of enjoyment of peas. Journal of Abnormal Eating, 8(3). Retrieved February 20, 2003, from PsycARTICLES database.

An online journal article

Chapter or section of an online document For Example

The Foundation for a Better World. (2000). Pollution and banana cream pie. In Great chefs cook with chlorofluorocarbons and carbon monoxide (Chap. 3). Retrieved July 13, 2001, from http://www.bamm.com/cream/pollution/bananas.htm

Note: Use a chapter or section identifier and provide a URL that links directly to the chapter section, not the home page of the Web site.

Message posted to an online newsgroup, forum, or discussion group.

Frook, B. D. (1999, July 23). New inventions in the cyberworld of toylandia [Msg 25]. Message posted to http://groups.earthlink.com/forum/messages/00025.html

Note: If only the screen name is available for the author, then use the screen name; however, if the author provides a real name, use their real name instead. Be sure to provide the exact date of the posting. Follow the date with the subject line, the thread of the message (not in italics). Provide any identifiers in brackets after the title, as in other types of references.

A Motion Picture or Video Tape with international or national availability.

Smith, J.D. (Producer), & Smithee, A.F. (Director). (2001). Really Big Disaster Movie [Motion picture]. United States: Paramount Pictures.

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Additional Resources

It's always best to consult the Publication Manual first for any APA question. If you are using APA style for a class assignment, it's a good idea to consult your professor for help with using APA style. Here are some other resources for using the style and writing research papers that might also help answer your questions:

1. APA Citation Style - Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition

http://www.liu.edu/cwis/CWP/library/workshop/citapa.htm

2. Citation machine – the Landmark project

http://citationmachine.net

3. Citation and research – samples of citation style for APA, MLA, Chicago and CBE http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc

4. Citing sources, guide to library research – from Duke University http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/cite/works_cited.htm

5. Sources – a guide to various formats and styles for citing a range of type of sources http://www.dartmouth.edu/~sources/contents.html

6. How to cite references in a bibliography – APA and MLA styles from Queens University, Ontario

http://library.queensu.ca/libguides/citationguides.htm

7.APA Citation guide of OSU Libraries

http://library.osu.edu/sites/guides/apagd.html

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Contacts

Panitza library

Blagoevgrad, Skaptopara campus

Circulation desk – 073 888341
Reference desk and Information literacy – 073 073888341 or 888354
Periodicals – 888 340
Fax: 073 888 337
E-mail
Web page http://www.aubg.bg/library

4.01.2012

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